Child Removal Policy Essay - 1607 Words

Domestic violence has a long historical presence in our society. Initially, it was viewed strictly as a family matter. It was an acceptable means for men to discipline their wives and children, who were regarded as little more than man’s property. There was a lack of, if any, legal ramifications for the abuser and, in fact, domestic violence had been previously sanctioned by English Common law (The National Center for Victims of Crime). As the issue infiltrated public consciousness, advocacy groups rose to the forefront and championed for the rights of abused victims. They demanded change, not only to the laws, but to the way victims and abusers are treated by law enforcement and legal institutions. As a result of these efforts, many†¦show more content†¦Every year children most at risk of being exposed to violence in the home is estimated to be between 3.3 million and 10 million in the United States alone (Bourassa, 2007). With increasing frequency, more resea rch is being carried out regarding the impact merely witnessing domestic abuse has on a child (Edleson, 2011). In 2008, the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, in conjunction with the office of Juvenile Justice and Delinquency Prevention, conducted a comprehensive nationwide survey to ascertain the incidence and prevalence of children’s exposure to violence (Hamby, Finkelhor, Turner, Ormrod, 2011). This survey is known as the National Survey of Children’s Exposure to Violence or NatSVEC (2011). The information gathered contains the most comprehensive and detailed data collected thus far on the subject (2011). The results have proved equally alarming as the statistics regarding the act of domestic violence itself. It showed, unequivocally, that children are exposed to unacceptable rates of violence in the home. These incidents of violence include, but are not limited to, the ‘willful intimidation, assault, battery sexual assault or other abusive beh avior perpetrated by one family member, household member, or intimate partner against another’ (The National Center for Victims of Crime). Over 4500 children and adolescents were interviewed telephonically. Their ages ranged from 17 and younger (Hamby, et al, 2011). They found that, more thanShow MoreRelatedChina s One Child Policy1227 Words   |  5 PagesThe one child policy in the Peoples Republic of China has recently been lifted to allowed families to freely have two children rather than one. This policy, introduced to China in the late 1970’s, was due to a massive baby boom which had taken place in the 1960’s. In the early to late 1950’s the Chinese government had encouraged its citizens to produce children at a rapid rate in the hope of building a larger work force (Managing Population Change Case Study: China). In order to counteract this boomRead MoreOverpopulation in China2791 Words   |  12 Pagesresources. In this assignment, the team wi ll explore issues on environmental implications, the degradation of land and resources, pollution, and the detrimental living conditions in China. Furthermore, we will explore possible solutions such as one-child policies, tax implementations for such violations, birth control, and birth reduction methods. Chinas overpopulation Overpopulation is understood as a situation in which the number of occupants in a specified area exceeds the ability the area can provideRead More China’s One Child Policy Violates Human Rights Essay2144 Words   |  9 Pagesgovernment passed the One-Child Policy in an attempt to control the growth of their population. While this may have been a grand idea in theory, in reality this policy violates the human right to form a family. By limiting the amount of children a Chinese couple is allowed to produce, this policy is effectively forcing abortion, sterilization and is taking away the Chinese family’s right to make their own choices. The policy was created in 1979 and set a strong limit of one child per family. HoweverRead MoreChild Abuse Prevention And Treatment Act Analysis1042 Words   |  5 Pagesoften times the perpetrators were kin to the victim’s household. Unfortunately, these are people they know and trust who are usually around the child. There are agencies running programs just for child abuse victims and their families. These programs operated to protect and advocate for those who don’t have a voice. Goals of the policy or program The child abuse prevention and treatment act (CAPTA) is for physical abuse, neglect, and sexual abuse victims. State must include in their statutory toRead MoreAssimilation Of Stolen Generations1413 Words   |  6 Pageschildren were forcibly removed from their families because of many government policies. The generations of children removed under these policies became known as the Stolen Generations. These policies left a heritage of trauma and loss that continues to affect Indigenous communities, families, and individuals to this current day. The violent removal of Indigenous children from their families was part of the Assimilation policy. Assimilation assumed black inferiority and white superiority, which proposedRead MoreFamily Preservation Vs. Child Removal Essay1687 Words   |  7 Pagesmonths before the boy was killed, county child protection caseworkers and sheriff s deputies investigated allegations of abuse without removing Gabriel from the home.† Though the consequences of this situation may be imputed to possible negligence of the social workers involved, this case gruesomely highlights one of the most highly contested policies in child welfare: family preservation vs. child removal. Family preservation can be defined as a social policy which encourages, â€Å"comprehensive, short-termRead MoreLaw Case Study724 Words   |  3 Pagesof proposed revisions that combine the policy and regulations into one document. She reported that with the guidance from legal counsel, the language in the policy is very e xplicit as to the requirements of administrators, as well as law enforcement when involved in student interviews and arrests. Dr. Bartlett reviewed the revised policy that has been reworked with headings and subheadings to assist administrators in determining which section of the policy may pertain to a specific incident and theRead MoreThe Role Of Aboriginal And Torres Strait Islander People1586 Words   |  7 PagesIndigenous children would be employed by colonial settlers, and would stop their biological parents, families and communities from passing on their culture, language and identity to them (Nsdc.org.au, n.d.). The children that the authorities targeted for removal had one parent that was white and the other was Indigenous. The Aboriginal protection boards believed that by separating these children from their families and communities, culture and land, that assimilation into white society would be more successfulRead MoreThe Colonization Of The First Settlers1194 Words   |  5 Pagespeople against their notions of nature and culture which emphasized biological and physical differences. Darker skin was believed to served as an external marker of cultural and biological inferiority. These widespread beliefs were influential in policies put forth by the Australian government designed to eradicate Aboriginal identity; however, through forms of resistance and adaptation Aboriginal peoples have sought to establish their own identities. The experience of Aboriginality is rooted in theRead MoreThe Rights Of Indigenous Australians1197 Words   |  5 Pageshas not been properly addressed. Many Indigenous Australians were profoundly affected by the Assimilation policy, it ruined many Indigenous Australian relationships and consequently resulted in the Stolen Generation. The forced removal of Indigenous Australian children from their families came about as a result of the government enforced Assimilation policy. The aim of the Assimilation policy was for the Indigenous children to â€Å"absorb white culture so that their unique cultural values would disappear†(Healey

Research Analysis ‘Adult Drug Courts’ Free Essays

The General Accountability Office (GAO) did the study on Adult Drug Courts. GAO is an agency, operating independently and without any partisan agenda, that works for the U.S. We will write a custom essay sample on Research Analysis: ‘Adult Drug Courts’ or any similar topic only for you Order Now Congress. Its role is to investigate how the federal government appropriates public revenue to aid Congress in deciding over approval of the budget allocation of the federal government and ensure the accountability of the federal government for approved budget allocation. The drug court programs that started in the latter part of the 1980s (GAO 1) comprise one area of budget allocation by the federal government. The purpose of the drug court programs is to prevent recidivism of inmates involved in drug-related crimes. This served as a solution to the exploding prison population and escalating costs to the criminal justice system. The federal government commenced awards or grants to these programs in 1994 through the Violent Crime Control and Law Enforcement Act. By September of 2004, there were already 1,200 programs established in the different states and 500 more programs are in the planning stage. (GAO 1) GAO conducted the study to determine the achievement of the purpose of the federal awards by considering the outcomes of drug court programs as mandated by the appropriations authorization law for the Department of Justice (GAO 2). The independent and non-partisan character of GAO as well as conducting the evaluations based on a legal mandate contributed to the objectivity of the results. What was the study about? The study is a systematic evaluation of previous researches done on drug court programs. GAO initially selected 117 studies assessing drug court programs conducted between May 1997 and January 2004 that made reports on recidivism, relapse of drug use, and outcomes of program completion (GAO 2). Of this number, GAO selected 27 studies that compared a group undergoing the drug court program and a group not part of any drug court program. Five of the 27 studies were experiments with an experimental and control groups with members assigned at random. The 27 studies covered 39 drug court programs for adults. (GAO 9-10) The aim of the GAO evaluation was to obtain systematically information on drug court programs, specifically the components of drug court programs, the outcomes of these programs, and costs of these programs. The evaluation also conducted a cost-benefit analysis of 8 studies providing information on costs and benefits. Four of the 8 studies even enabled the determination of net benefits. (GAO 9-10) To augment the evaluation of studies on drug court programs, GAO also interviewed key respondents from three government agencies with direct involvement in the implementation of the drug court programs, including the Department of Justice, National Institute on Drug Abuse, and Office of National Drug Control Policy (GAO 3). The combined evaluations and interviews supported conclusions based on multiple perspectives of the effectiveness of drug court programs to aid legislative decision-making. What is the time-period of the study? The evaluation commenced in October 2003 and concluded in February 2005 in compliance with auditing standards (GAO 3). Although the research process involved a period of 1 year and 4 months, the study is a cross-sectional study because the focus is results over a given period, specifically studies done between May 1997 and January 2004 and interviews over the operations of drug court programs during the same period. The evaluation did not intend to trace developments in drug court programs or study specific individuals involved in drug court programs over an extended period. Doing cross-sectional study allows the comparative and collative evaluation of studies on drug court programs. However, this also creates the limitation of the results by not covering developmental issues or problems emerging from the programs. What is the research design of the study (planning)? The research design employed in the evaluative study is the mixed methods research that integrates both quantitative and qualitative aspects to derive better results when compared to using only one aspect or the other. The mixed method research requires the derivation of both quantitative and qualitative data and integrative analysis of both types of data. The study by GAO collected quantitative data by using statistical analysis of the data derived from the 27 studies. The presentation of results was through comparative and summative tables. It also derived qualitative data based on the results of the 27 studies and interviews with three government agencies (GAO 3) directly involved in the implementation of the programs. The presentation of results was through tables and text discussions. The planning of the evaluative study by GAO involved secondary research and interviews as data collection techniques. Secondary research is a three-stage process. First stage is searching for studies on drug court programs from research databases using key words such as drug court program and recidivism as well as drug court websites of research institutions or organizations that are likely to have made studies on drug court programs. GAO also considered previous studies it made on drug court programs. It also requested for drug court studies from research agencies. Second stage is review of the studies found to determine those that qualify for its criteria of study coverage including recidivism, drug use, and program completion. Third stage is in-depth review to determine the studies that employed group comparison methods such as those using experiment and control groups in experiment and quasi-experiments, which employed either historical comparison group or contemporaneous comparison group (GAO 17). The studies selected also employed a number of statistical methods to address individual differences and allow for comparison and collation as well as address selection bias (GAO 19). Interviews with three agencies yielded background information on the drug court programs including the characteristics of the drug court programs and the participants of these programs. (GAO 9-10) The analytical techniques also combined statistical with document or text analysis. The combination of data collection methods and use of multiple analyses addressed selection bias arising from differences in the methodological approaches of the studies evaluated and derivation of as much information as available to support generalizations. What are the results of the study? The results of the study had strong and weak points. These showed reduction in recidivism during the course of the program, lower percentage of re-arrests or re-convictions for participants of the program relative to non-participants, there was also relatively lower re-arrests or re-conviction across program participants, recidivism reduction was uniform regardless of the severity of the drug-related offence. However, there was no conclusive data to support the link between specific characteristics of the program to within-program recidivism. Recidivism rates within one-year after program completion were similar with recidivism during the program to indicate maintained low level of recidivism. (GAO 5-6) However, this only covers the immediate year following program completion. Data on drug use during the program was inconclusive. Drug tests showed a decline but self-reported use indicated no change (GAO 6). This could be due to the limitation of drug testing as the means of determining drug use within the program. This could also be due to methodological issues such as insufficient data or lack of comparative measures. Completion rates that depended on compliance with activities and responsibilities varied between 27 to 66 percent. Factors such as age and severity of offence are explanations of the variance in completion rates with older participants more inclined to complete the program. (GAO 6) There were no definitive explanations for the variance in completion rates. Cost benefit analysis showed a greater cost per individual program participant when compared to cost per individual non-participant of the program. Results of four studies covering seven drug court programs indicated net benefits because of the decline in recidivism that meant decline in costs to the judicial system and avoidance of costs to potential victims of recidivism. Nevertheless, these did not consider indirect benefits. Only two drug court programs reported actual data on cost savings of the criminal justice system. (GAO 6-7) More data is necessary to support generalizations on the comparative costs and benefits of drug court programs. What are opinions of the study? The study holds beneficial value but it also has limitations. Its beneficial value comes from providing an overview of the state of knowledge over the effectiveness of drug court programs. Decline in recidivism, at least during the program and one-year immediately following program completion, reflected the extent of effectiveness of drug court programs. Some of the drug court programs also led to financial net benefits. This implies the contribution of the drug court programs in lowering drug-related recidivism. As such, Congress could decide to continue approving federal appropriations to drug court programs. However, the study also has limitations as a preliminary study that requires follow-ups. The use of secondary research meant that data relied on the results of existing studies, which is not sufficient to inform on the overall effectiveness of drug court programs. The use of interviews provided characteristics of the drug court programs and the participants but was underutilized. The interviews could have yielded more data such as on implementation issues, best practice, areas for improvement, and other pertinent information to support the evaluation. Work Cited Government Accountability Office (GAO). Adult Drug Courts: Evidence Indicates Recidivism Reductions and Mixed Results for Other Outcomes. Washington, DC: GAO, How to cite Research Analysis: ‘Adult Drug Courts’, Essays

Manage Corporate Citizenship And Sustainability - MyAssignmenthelp.com

Question: Discuss about the Manage corporate citizenship and sustainability. Answer: Ethics is considered in terms of setting behavioural standards for all courses of life. In order to survive in life, at every moment people have to take decision in terms of choosing the right act. In this assignment, I will discuss how to make ethical decision against ethical dilemma in the context of business management and personal life management. International system ethics of Backwoods Limited will also be discussed in terms of sustainable product innovation. I think that ethical decision-making is priority in terms of keeping control over situations. In terms setting ethical behaviour, it is necessary to consider three ethical theories from different categories - Normative ethics, Meta ethics, Applied ethics. I would like to discuss these three theories in the context of my personal ethical framework. Based on this discussion I will justify how I take decision in managing ethical problem. According to me, human beings are the moral agents. Our behaviour needs to reflect humanity. We all have some of the responsibilities towards society. Similarly, businesses also have to execute some of the responsibilities towards global society. Accomplishing welfare of society is considered one of the premium needs of business ethics and personal ethics. We, individuals need to engage ourselves to be a part of a global system of ethics, which is sustainable. As per my vision, business entrepreneurs are the social leaders. They are able to set a new trend in terms of designing a sustainable global society. In this context, social entrepreneurs need to think from the aspect of technology and sustainability in order to take right decision. Giving priority to ethics is necessary to develop personality in terms of influencing people. Ethical behaviour leads us to take the right attitudes in terms of fulfilling our personal intention. On the other hand, in terms of sustaining in the comp etitive environment, we need to behave logically. Hence, I think that ethical behaviour is a rational system in terms of driving globalization in the right order. I also think that in order to survive in a globalised environment, cross culture is necessary to take into account. In order to be a part of cross culture, we need to give priority to the advancement of technology. Today, without considering technology we cannot be able to take the right decision in terms initiating a sustainable system. Ethics is considered as the standard of behaviour in terms of taking decision at all levels of life. The purpose of ethical framework is to develop our society as a lot more ethical (Platt, Kass McGraw, 2014). Ethics need to be concern of every individual to behave in the proper way towards making choices on daily basis. On the other hand, the concern of ethics makes an organization responsible in terms of fulfilling the needs of society (Platt, Kass McGraw, 2014). In the case of businesses, system choices are priority in accomplishing business mission, vision and objectives. System choices are also priority to consider technological advancement in initiating sustainable business innovation. As an example, we can take into account the bottles of Blackwoods Beverages from 1965 (Bond, 2015). These bottles are considered as the novelty of Blackwoods Limited due to its durability. Blackwoods Limited declared that the bottles of Blackwood beverages were their property. People were stric tly prosecuted to use, destroy and retain the bottles. The company enforced property rights over the Blackwoods beverage bottles in terms of showing how social and cultural value can switch over time. On the other hand, enforcing this property rights managementthe efficiency of resource use in global society. If anyone failed in returning one of the Blackwoods bottles, the person could be arrested. However, in a time range within 1920 to 1965 some of the people reserved the bottles (Denton, 2014). It is necessary to note hereby that the price of those bottles is $15 now (Ford Richardson, 2013). This system ethics helps Blackwoods Limited to control unnecessary waste of the containers and excess packaging (Crossan, Mazutis Seijts, 2013). The system choices of the company are cost effective also. Blackwoods Limited gave value packaging more than the contents in it (Thiel et al., 2012). It enables the company to develop a strong brand value and identity in global society. In addition, the choice of this system ethics made a change in the design of our global society. It leaded our society to learn how should be the process of resource allocation in terms of restricting unnecessary wastes. This company is a good example to see how values are changed in the same social and cultural system with the continuous development of technology. From this example, it is understood that the system choice is the priority in order to solve poor design of society. The bottles of Blackwoods beverages are now considered as the antiques property (Iphofen, 2016). It is necessary to mention hereby that the Blackwoods bottles remain intact over time. I am highly inspired from the choice of system ethics of Blackwoods Limited. It leads me to believe an ethical framework needs to be followed by everyone to make a logical choice on regular basis. Relevance of a global situation is necessary to take into account before taking an ultimate decision. Ensuring sustainability is arguably tough. It is because there is always a conflict between the needs of current generation and future generation (Banathy, 2013). I always ensure to take into account the needs of current generation and future generation in terms of taking decisions. I also take into account three categories of ethical theories in order to take ethical decision for resolving a dilemma. According to normative theory, the parameter of ethical behaviour is norms, standards or criteria (Crane Matten, 2016). Utilitarian theory, Kantian theory and divine command theory are the good examples of normative ethical theory. The welfare of maximum population and social consensus are priority as per normative theory (Rescher, 2014). Meta-Ethics is a unique theory in order to understand the significance of ethics. The concern of Meta-ethics is if ethics is culturally and universally relative (Ford Richardson, 2013). Meta-ethics are considered in terms of judging the nature of ethical claims. Applied theories are important to resolve a specific issue in relation of belonging to an organisation (Brown.edu, 2018). Applied ethics are considered in terms of applying normative theories in terms of making decision within an organisation. Normative ethics help me to decide what is right from wrong. I consider Meta-ethics in terms of judging the nature of an ethical claim. However, I always follow applied theory for reflecting a standard of ethical principles in my behaviour. The important thing for taking the right decision in every situation is accessibility to correct information (Thiel et al., 2012). In this case, my priority is to hook with latest technology. I want to conclude with this claim that it is essential to have a framework for ethical decision-managemen. I think that in order to achieve a sustainable position in the most competitive environment, maintaining a globalised behaviour is important. Social consensus is necessary to take into account in terms of initiating a sustainable design of global system. In order to sustain in this world every day we have to face a variety of situations. In order to tackle these situations, it is my priority to take the most right approach. In this reference, I am completely depended on the latest technology in order to get the instant access of right information. In this way, I determine my mind what I should do against a particular situation. In conclusion, I would like to consider that system choices are the most vital thing in terms of changing unsustainable global society. Reference list Banathy, B. H. (2013). Designing social systems in a changing world. Springer Science Business Media. Bond, T. (2015). Standards and ethics for counselling in action. Sage. Brown.edu. (2018).A Framework for Making Ethical Decisions | Science and Technology Studies.Brown.edu. Retrieved 12 January 2018, from https://www.brown.edu/academics/science-and-technology-studies/framework-making-ethical-decisions Crane, A., Matten, D. (2016). Business ethics: Managing corporate citizenship and sustainability in the age of globalization. Oxford University Press. Crossan, M., Mazutis, D., Seijts, G. (2013). In search of virtue: The role of virtues, values and character strengths in ethical decision making. Journal of Business Ethics, 113(4), 567-581. Denton, P. (2014). Technology Sustainability. RMB Ford, R. C., Richardson, W. D. (2013). Ethical decision making: A review of the empirical literature. In Citation classics from the Journal of Business Ethics (pp. 19-44). Springer Netherlands. Iphofen, R. (2016). Ethical decision making in social research: A practical guide. Springer. Platt, R., Kass, N. E., McGraw, D. (2014). Ethics, regulation, and comparative effectiveness research: time for a change. Jama, 311(15), 1497-1498. Rescher, N. (2014). A System of Pragmatic Idealism, Volume II: The Validity of Values, A Normative Theory of Evaluative Rationality (Vol. 2). Princeton University Press. Thiel, C. E., Bagdasarov, Z., Harkrider, L., Johnson, J. F., Mumford, M. D. (2012). Leader ethical decision-making in organizations: Strategies for sensemaking. Journal of Business Ethics, 107(1), 49-64.